General Information

  • ID:  hor006612
  • Uniprot ID:  P01211
  • Protein name:  Synenkephalin
  • Gene name:  PENK
  • Organism:  Bos taurus (Bovine)
  • Family:  Opioid neuropeptide precursor family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  Secreted by neuroendocrine chromaffin cells through cromaffin granules.
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Bos (genus), Bovinae (subfamily), Bovidae (family), Pecora (infraorder), Ruminantia (suborder), Artiodactyla (order), Laurasiatheria (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0001515 opioid peptide activity; GO:0031628 opioid receptor binding; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0001662 behavioral fear response; GO:0001964 startle response; GO:0002118 aggressive behavior; GO:0007218 neuropeptide signaling pathway; GO:0007268 chemical synaptic transmission; GO:0007600 sensory perception; GO:0007626 locomotory behavior; GO:0009617 response to bacterium; GO:0019226 transmission of nerve impulse; GO:0019233 sensory perception of pain; GO:0038003 G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway; GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005886 plasma membrane; GO:0030425 dendrite; GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle; GO:0034466 chromaffin granule lumen; GO:0043025 neuronal cell body; GO:0043679 axon terminus

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  ECSQDCATCSYRLARPTDLNPLACTLECEGKLPSLKTWETCKELLQLTKLELPPDATSALSKQEESHLLA
  • Length:  70
  • Propeptide:  MARFLGLCTWLLALGPGLLATVRAECSQDCATCSYRLARPTDLNPLACTLECEGKLPSLKTWETCKELLQLTKLELPPDATSALSKQEESHLLAKKYGGFMKRYGGFMKKMDELYPLEVEEEANGGEVLGKRYGGFMKKDAEEDDGLGNSSNLLKELLGAGDQREGSLHQEGSDAEDVSKRYGGFMRGLKRSPHLEDETKELQKRYGGFMRRVGRPEWWMDYQKRYGGFLKRFAEPLPSEEEGESYSKEVPEMEKRYGGFMRF
  • Signal peptide:  MARFLGLCTWLLALGPGLLATVRA
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  [Met-enkephalin]: Neuropeptide that competes with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress.
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  OPRL1
  • Target Unid:  A0A3Q1LTY9
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  2-24; 6-28; 9-41
  • Structure ID:  AF-P01211-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor006612_AF2.pdbhor006612_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 896781 Formula: C332H544N88O111S6
Absent amino acids: FIMV Common amino acids: L
pI: 4.5 Basic residues: 8
Polar residues: 22 Hydrophobic residues: 21
Hydrophobicity: -36.43 Boman Index: -11399
Half-Life: 1 hour Half-Life Yeast: 30 min
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 86.57
Instability Index: 5990.29 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 7365
Absorbance 280nm: 106.74

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  6276759
  • Title:  Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine adrenal preproenkephalin.
  • PubMed ID:  6173760
  • Title:  Molecular cloning establishes proenkephalin as precursor of enkephalin-containing peptides.
  • PubMed ID:  6952189
  • Title:  Partial characterization of the mRNA that codes for enkephalins in bovine adrenal medulla and human pheochromocytoma.
  • PubMed ID:  8654396
  • Title:  The C-terminal bisphosphorylated proenkephalin-A-(209-237)-peptide from adrenal medullary chromaffin granules possesses antibacterial activity.
  • PubMed ID:  12869695
  • Title:  Cathepsin L in secretory vesicles functions as a prohormone-processing enzyme for production of the enkephalin peptide neurotransmitter.